Kubaha ni iki?
Kubahani inzira yo kurangiza nezaamabuye abrasive.
Intego nikunoza ubuso burangije, gukosora geometrie (kuzenguruka, taper, kugororoka), no kugera kumurongo wo hejuru.
Byakoreshejwe Nka iintambwe yanyumanyuma yo gucukura, kurambirana, cyangwa gusubiramo mugihe bisabwa ubuziranenge burenze hamwe nubuziranenge bwubuso.
Uburyo Igikorwa Cyicyubahiro gikora
Gushiraho: Igicapo (akenshi ni silinderi, bore ya gear, cyangwa hydraulic tube) gifatishijwe mumashini yubaha.
Gusezerana ibikoresho: Igikoresho cyicyubahiro kigizwe naamabuye abrasiveYashizwe kuri mandel. Amabuye yaguka cyane kugirango akande hejuru.
Icyerekezo:
Kuzengurukacy'igikoresho cyicyubahiro → gitanga ibikorwa.
Icyifuzo cyo gusubiranamokuruhande rwa bore axis → igabanya gukata neza.
Izi nzira zishyizwe hamwe zirema aumusaraba - icyitegererezohejuru.
Coolant / amavuta: Yanyujijwe mumwanya wakazi kugirango atware imyanda kandi agabanye ubushyuhe.
Gukuraho Ibikoresho: Igenzurwa cyane, mubisanzwe0,02 - 0,15 mm, kuzamura geometrie nubuziranenge bwubuso udahinduye ibipimo fatizo bikabije.
Ibyiza byo Kubaha
Ikigereranyo Cyinshi: Irashobora kugera ku kwihanganira microne 2-5.
Kurangiza Ubuso Bwuzuye: Bitanga umusaruro, amavuta - kwihana (Ra 0.1–0.8 µm).
Gukosora Geometrie: Kuraho taper, ovality, waviness, no kugoreka byasizwe nubundi buryo bwo gukora.
Kunoza imikorere: Kurangiza crosshatch bitezimbere amavuta kandi bigabanya kwambara mubice byimuka.
Ubuzima bwagutse: Kugabanya ubushyamirane, kongera ubushyuhe, no gutsindwa imburagihe.
Guhindagurika: Irashobora gutunganya ibintu bikomeye, bikomeye, cyangwa ubushyuhe - ibikoresho byoroshye kuruta gusya.
Gusaba Icyubahiro
Kubaha bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda ahoBores na burebureni ngombwa:
Imodoka:
Moteri ya silinderi ya moteri (gufata amavuta no kugabanya kwambara piston).
Ibikoresho bya Crankshaft, guhuza inkoni, inshinge za lisansi.
Hydraulics & Pneumatics:
Amashanyarazi ya hydraulic.
Inzu ya pompe hamwe numubiri wa valve.
Ikirere:
Ibice bya moteri yindege.
Amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi.
Rusange Rusange & Ibikoresho:
Ibikoresho byuma, ibyuma, ibihuru.
Ibikoresho by'imbunda (rifling honing).
Ibikoresho byubuvuzi nibikoresho bisobanutse.
Gukubita no Kubaha: Gusobanukirwa Itandukaniro
1. Gukubita ni iki?
Gukubitani ultra - inzira yo kurangiza neza ikoresha akurekura abrasive slurryhagati yumuzingi (hejuru cyangwa igororotse) hamwe nakazi ko gukora kugirango habeho ubuso bworoshye kandi bwuzuye.
Ikuraho ibintu bike cyane byibikoresho (muri microns).
Yibanze kuriuburinganire, ubuso bworoshye, hamwe nukuri.
Akenshi bifatwa aintambwe yanyumanyuma yo gusya cyangwa kubaha.
2. Uburyo Lapping ikora
Abrasive Slurry: Ibice byiza byangiza (oxyde ya aluminium, karbide ya silicon, cyangwa diyama) bihagarikwa mumavuta, amavuta, cyangwa amazi.
Igikoresho.
Icyerekezo gifitanye isano: Umuzingo n'ibikorwa byimuka bigenzurwa, akenshi bitunguranye cyangwa ishusho-8.
Gukuraho Ibikoresho: Abrasive slurry ikata impinga ya microscopique, ikora indorerwamo - nkurangiza hejuru.
Icyitonderwa: Irashobora kugera hejuru yubuso bwaRa 0.01–0.05 µmn'ubworoherane imberesub - urwego rwa micron (± 0.1–0.5 µm).
3. Gushyira mu bikorwa
Amashanyarazi & Ikirahure: Lens, indorerwamo, na prism.
Metrology: Guhagarika ibipimo, ibikoresho byo gupima neza.
Ikimenyetso cya mashini: Gufunga neza neza muri pompe na valve.
Semiconductor & Electronics: Wafer ya Silicon, substrate substrate.
Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga: Ibikoresho byo kubaga, gushiramo bisaba ultra - isura nziza.
4. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yo Gukubita no Kubaha
| Icyerekezo | Kubaha | Gukubita |
|---|---|---|
| Inzira | Koresha amabuye abrasive ahujwe kuri mandel hamwe na rotary + gusubiranamo | Koresha ibishishwa byoroshye hagati yisahani yakazi hamwe nakazi |
| Ubuso bw'akazi | Imbere ya silindrike y'imbere (nayo OD yo hanze) | Ubuso buringaniye, butandukanye, cyangwa budasanzwe |
| Gukuraho Ibikoresho | Hejuru (0,02–0.15 mm) | Hasi cyane (microns) |
| Ukuri | Hejuru cyane (± 2–5 µm) | Ultra - hejuru (± 0.1–0.5 µm) |
| Kurangiza | Nibyiza, amavuta - kwihana (Ra 0.1–0.8 µm) | Indorerwamo - nko kurangiza (Ra 0.01–0.05 µm) |
| Intego | Ikosora geometrie (kuzenguruka, taper) + itezimbere kurangiza | Kugera ku busumbane, mu buryo bworoshye, no mu buryo bukabije |
| Imikoreshereze rusange | Moteri ya moteri, hydraulic tubes, ibikoresho bya bore | Amashanyarazi, kashe, ibipimo bipima, igice cya kabiri |
Muri make:
Kubahani byiza kurisilindrical boresaho gukosora geometrie + amavuta - kurangiza bikenewe.
Gukubitani byiza kurihejuru cyangwa hejuruheubworoherane bukabije kandi bwuzuyebasabwa.
Kubaha na Gusya: Itandukaniro ryingenzi na Porogaramu
1. Gusya ni iki?
Gusyani uburyo bwo gutunganya bukoresha akuzungurukagukuraho ibikoresho hejuru yakazi.
Byakoreshejwe cyane cyanegushiraho, ubunini, no kurangizahanze cyangwa hejuru.
Gusya birashobora kugera ku kwihanganira gukomeye no kurangiza neza, ariko mubisanzwe ntabwo binonosoye nko kubaha cyangwa gukubita.
2. Uburyo bwo gusya bukora
Inziga: Igizwe nintete zangiza zifatanije hamwe (oxyde ya aluminium, karubide ya silicon, CBN, diyama).
Icyerekezo: Uruziga rusya ruzunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi.
Imikoranire y'akazi: Uruziga ruzunguruka ruhuza ubuso bwakazi, gukata uduce duto.
Coolant: Gukoreshwa kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe no gusohora imyanda.
Gukuraho Ibikoresho: Birakaze kuruta kubaha, kuva kuri0.1 mm kugeza kuri mm nyinshi, Bitewe na Porogaramu.
3. Gukoresha Gusya
Imodoka & Ikirere: Imashini, ibyuma, ibikoresho, ibyuma bya turbine.
Gukora ibikoresho: Gukata ibikoresho, bipfa, gupima neza.
Gukora ibyuma: Gusya hejuru yuburinganire, gusya kwa silindrike kubice bizengurutse.
Ubwubatsi & Gukora: Gukata ibikoresho bikomeye (ceramics, ibyuma bikomeye, ikirahure).
4. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yo Kubaha no Gusya
| Icyerekezo | Kubaha | Gusya |
|---|---|---|
| Inzira | Koresha amabuye abrasive hamwe na rotary + gusubiranamo | Koresha uruziga ruzunguruka |
| Gukuraho Ibikoresho | Ntoya cyane (0,02–0.15 mm) | Kinini (0.1 mm kugeza kuri mm nyinshi) |
| Ukuri | Hejuru cyane (± 2–5 µm) | Hejuru (± 5-10 µm) |
| Kurangiza | Nibyiza, umusaraba - wafashwe, amavuta - kwihana (Ra 0.1–0.8 µm) | Kurangiza, kurangiza icyerekezo (Ra 0.2–1,6 µm) |
| Ubuso bw'akazi | Ahanini imbere ya silindrike y'imbere (nayo hanze mubihe bimwe) | Ubuso bwa silindrike yo hanze, iringaniye, cyangwa idasanzwe |
| Intego | Gukosora geometrie (taper, ovality, kugororoka) + kongera amavuta | Gushushanya, ubunini, hamwe nubuso rusange burangiza |
| Imikoreshereze rusange | Moteri ya moteri, hydraulic tubes, ibikoresho bya bore | Imashini, ibyuma, ibikoresho, amasahani meza |
Muri make:
Gusyani byiza kurigukuraho ibintu byinshino gushiraho hanze / hejuru.
Kubahani byiza kurikurangiza neza kurangiza bores, gukosora geometrie, no kugera kumavuta - uburyo bwo kwihana.
Kubaha na Gutwika: Itandukaniro ryingenzi na Porogaramu
1. Gutwika ni iki?
Gutwikani ubuso - inzira yo kurangiza aho igikoresho gikomeye, cyoroshye (akenshi uruziga cyangwa umupira) kanda hejuru yumurimo wakazi kugirangoguhindagurikaibikoresho.
Aho gukata cyangwa gukuraho ibikoresho, gutwikakwikuramo no korohaubuso bugera mu mibande.
Itezimbere kurangiza, gukomera, no kwambara birwanya kubyara chip.
2. Uburyo bwo gutwika bukora
Guhuza ibikoresho: Igikoresho cyo gutwika umupira cyangwa umupira ukanda hejuru.
Umuvuduko & Kwimuka: Mugihe igikoresho kigenda hejuru yubuso, umuvuduko mwinshi uhindura plastike ihindura hejuru yubuso.
Guhindura Ubuso: Impinga zirambuye mu mibande → ubuso bugenda bworoha, bugakomera, kandi bukambara -.
Nta Gukuraho Ibikoresho: Bitandukanye no kubaha, gusakwikuramo hejuru no koroshyabibaho.
3. Gusaba gutwika
Imodoka: Shafts, crankpins, piston inkoni.
Hydraulics & Pneumatics: Inkoni ya Hydraulic inkoni, pompe.
Ikirere: Kumanura ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya turbine.
Ubwubatsi rusange: Kwitwaza ibinyamakuru, kuzunguruka neza, gushiramo ubuvuzi.
Inyungu nyamukuru: Itezimbere imbaraga zumunaniro, kurwanya ruswa, no kurangiza hejuru (irashobora kugera kuri Ra <0.1 µm).
4. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yo Kubaha no Gutwika
| Icyerekezo | Kubaha | Gutwika |
|---|---|---|
| Inzira | Gukata nabi → ikuraho ibikoresho | Imiterere ya plastike → ikanda hejuru |
| Gukuraho Ibikoresho | Yego (0,02–0.15 mm) | Oya (gusa biroroshye kandi bikanda) |
| Ukuri | Hejuru cyane, ikosora geometrie (± 2–5 µm) | Ntabwo ikosora geometrie, cyane cyane kurangiza |
| Kurangiza | Umusaraba - wafashwe, amavuta - kwihana (Ra 0.1–0.8 µm) | Byoroshye cyane, indorerwamo - nka (Ra <0.1 µm) |
| Ubuso bukomeye | Nta mpinduka nini | Yongera ubukana bwubutaka hakoreshejwe akazi gakonje |
| Ibyiza kuri | Imbere yimbere isaba gukosora geometrie | Imyenda, inkoni, hamwe nubuso bikenera gukomera + kwambara birwanya |
| Porogaramu | Imashini ya moteri, hydraulic bores, ibikoresho | Shafts, crankpins, inkoni ya silinderi, ifite intebe |
Muri make:
Kubaha= gukuraho neza ibikoresho kugirango bikosore geometrie no gukora amavuta - kwihana birangirira imbere muri bores.
Gutwika.
Ubwoko bwibikoresho byububiko nibisabwa
1. Ingaragu - Gutambutsa ibikoresho
Ibisobanuro: Igikoresho kinyura muri bore rimwe, gikuraho ibikoresho hamwe na diyama / CBN abrasive.
Ibiranga: Nta gusubiranamo; imwe - gukata icyerekezo.
Porogaramu:
Umusaruro mwinshi -.
Amazi meza ya hydraulic, inshinge za lisansi, ibice bito bya moteri.
Ibyiza: Umuvuduko mwinshi, guhoraho, kugabanya igihe cyinzira.
2. Ibikoresho byagutse byiyongera
Ibisobanuro: Amabuye abrasive ashyirwa kuri mandel yaguka cyane kugirango ihuze urukuta rwa bore.
Ibiranga: Igikoresho kirashobora guhinduka kubunini butandukanye.
Porogaramu:
Rusange - intego yo kuzamura moteri ya moteri, amashanyarazi ya hydraulic, inzu ya pompe.
Ibyiza: Binyuranye, irashobora gukora urutonde rwa bore diameter hamwe nigikoresho kimwe.
3. Ibikoresho bya Diyama na CBN
Ibisobanuro: Koreshasuperabrasives(diyama cyangwa cubic boron nitride) aho kuba abrasives zisanzwe.
Ibiranga: Ubukomezi buhanitse, ibikoresho birebire ubuzima, ibikorwa byogukata byihuse.
Porogaramu:
Ibikoresho bikomeye (ceramics, karbide, ibyuma bikomeye, ibirere byo mu kirere).
Inganda zisobanutse nk'ikirere, ubuvuzi, sisitemu yo gutera lisansi.
Ibyiza: Ukuri kudasanzwe, kuramba, no gukora neza.
4. Ibikoresho byo mu kibaya
Ibisobanuro: Ibikoresho byihariye cyangwa amabuye yagenewe kubyara aUbusomugukuraho impinga zikarishye.
Ibiranga: Asiga ubuso bunoze hamwe nibibaya byimbitse kugirango bigumane amavuta.
Porogaramu:
Imashini ya moteri (imodoka, moto, marine).
Ibikoresho bya Hydraulic bisaba guterana amagambo no kuramba.
Ibyiza: Kunoza amavuta, kugabanya kuruhuka - mugihe, byongerera ubuzima igice.
5. Impanuka zoroshye zohasi (Umupira wumupira)
Ibisobanuro: Flexible nylon cyangwa ibyuma bya filaments byanditseho imipira ikuramo.
Ibiranga: Ihuza imiterere; itanga ubuso burangije aho gukuraho ububiko buremereye.
Porogaramu:
Gutanga, gusukura, no kurangiza.
Feri ya silinderi, ibice bya moteri nto, imbunda, kuvura.
Ibyiza: Ntibihendutse, byoroshye gukoresha, nibyiza kubuso bwanyuma bwo gutondeka no kurangiza.
6. Ibikoresho bya Mandrel
Ibisobanuro: Igikoresho gakondo cyicyubahiro hamwe namandrel - amabuye yashizwe, kwaguka kurwanya bore.
Ibiranga: Itanga ubunini bwuzuye na geometrie ikosora.
Porogaramu:
Inganda rusange.
Moteri yimodoka yubaka, ibice byindege.
Ibyiza: Yizewe, yukuri, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mumashini itambitse / ihagaritse.
Guhitamo Igikoresho Cyiza
Mugihe uhisemo igikoresho cyicyubahiro, tekereza:
Ibikoresho by'akazi
Amavuta akomeye, ububumbyi → Ibikoresho bya Diamond / CBN.
Ibyuma bisanzwe, guta ibyuma → Amabuye asanzwe cyangwa yaguka.
Ingano nubunini
Utuntu duto duto duto → Ingaragu - kunyuza ibikoresho byubaka.
Kinini / ihinduka bores tools Ibikoresho byaguka bya mandel.
Imiterere igoye cyangwa gusibanganya → Umupira woroshye.
Ubuso bwo Kurangiza Ibisabwa
Amavuta - kwihana kwambukiranya → Ibikoresho byo mu kibaya.
Indorerwamo - nko kurangiza → Diamond / CBN amabuye hamwe na grit nziza.
Gutanga / gusukura br Brush byoroshye.
Umubare w'umusaruro
Hejuru - ingano, yikora → Ingaragu - pass cyangwa ibikoresho bya diyama ya CNC.
Ubunini buke / buciriritse, gusana muri rusange tools Ibikoresho byaguka bya mandel.
Muri make:
Kubikorwa byihuta & guhoraho→ Ingaragu - ibikoresho byo gutsinda.
Kuburyo bwinshiTools Ibikoresho byaguka bya mandel.
Kubikoresho bikomeye & precisionTools Ibikoresho bya Diamond / CBN.
Kubisiga amavuta & igice kirekire ubuzimaTools Ibikoresho byo mu bibaya.
Kurangiza & deburringBr Brush.
Ubwoko bwimashini zubaha
1. Imashini itambitse
Ibisobanuro: Icyubahiro cya spindle hamwe nakazi kerekanwemu buryo butambitse.
Ibiranga:
Ibyiza bikwiranyemaremare(uburebure - kugeza - igipimo cya diameter> 5: 1).
Urupapuro rwakazi rushyigikiwe ahantu henshi muburebure bwarwo.
Igikorwa gihamye cyimbitse - umwobo.
Porogaramu:
Imbunda y'imbunda.
Amashanyarazi ya hydraulic.
Inzu ndende ya pompe.
2. Imashini zihesha icyubahiro
Ibisobanuro: Icyuma kizunguruka cyashyizwehomu buryo buhagaritse, kandi urupapuro rwakazi ruhagaze neza.
Ibiranga:
Irasaba umwanya muto (igishushanyo mbonera).
Biroroshye kubyitwaramobinini, biremereye.
Gravity ifasha mugukonjesha no gukuramo chip.
Porogaramu:
Guhagarika moteri.
Feri ya silinderi.
Ibikoresho bya bores hamwe ninzu ya compressor.
3. Imashini zubaha CNC
Ibisobanuro: Mudasobwa - igenzurwa imashini zubaha zagenewekwikora no hejuru - nezaumusaruro.
Ibiranga:
Igenzura ryikora ryibiryo, inkoni, hamwe no kwagura ibikoresho.
Micron - urwego rwukuri kandi rusubirwamo.
Birashoboka gukosora taper, ovality, nandi makosa ya geometrike.
Porogaramu:
Ibikoresho bya moteri yo mu kirere.
Imashini zitwara ibinyabiziga hamwe na silinderi.
Hydraulic na pneumatic precision valves.
4. Imashini zicyubahiro
Ibisobanuro: Ikoreshwa nintoki, akenshi hamwe na mandre yoroheje yo kwaguka n'amabuye abrasive.
Ibiranga:
Igiciro gito nigikorwa cyoroshye.
Irasaba abakora ubuhanga kugirango babone ukuri.
Kugarukira kuri ntoya - akazi keza cyangwa imirimo yo gusana.
Porogaramu:
Moteri yo kubaka amahugurwa.
Ntoya - igipimo cyo gutunganya no gusana amaduka.
Ibikoresho by'imbunda n'ibice bito bisobanutse.
Imbonerahamwe Yagereranijwe Byihuse
| Ubwoko bw'imashini | Icyerekezo / Igenzura | Ibyiza Kuri | Ibisanzwe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gutambika neza | Kuzenguruka | Bore ndende | Imiyoboro ya Hydraulic, ingunguru yimbunda |
| Icyubahiro Cyiza | Umuzingi uhagaze | Ibiremereye / bigufi | Guhagarika moteri, ibikoresho bya bores |
| CNC Honing | Mudasobwa - igenzurwa | Hejuru - ingano, hejuru - neza | Ikirere, ibinyabiziga, hydraulics |
| Intoki | Kugenzura intoki / intoki | Gitoya - gusana igipimo, hasi - akazi gahenze | Amahugurwa, ibigega by'imbunda |
Kugereranya Imashini zicyubahiro: Horizontal na Vertical vs CNC nigitabo
| Ubwoko bw'imashini | Ibyiza Kuri | Porogaramu Nziza | Ibyiza by'ingenzi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gutambika neza | Uburebure burebure; ibice binini | Amashanyarazi ya Hydraulic, ingunguru yimbunda, inzu ndende ya pompe | Ihamye kubwimbitse - umwobo; byiza kubirebire, bigufi bores Abhi Ibicuruzwa byiza |
| Icyubahiro Cyiza | Ibibyimba biremereye cyangwa bigufi; Umwanya muto | Guhagarika moteri, silinderi ya feri, bores ya bore | Umwanya - ukora neza; gravity ifasha chip gukuramo Abhi Ibicuruzwa byiza |
| CNC Honing | Hejuru - neza, hejuru - umusaruro mwinshi | Ibigize icyogajuru, inshinge za moteri, moteri ya hydraulic | Igenzura ryikora; micron - urwego rwukuri; byiza kuri geometrike igoye JetCrafted Precision Machine |
| Intoki | Hasi - ingano, igiciro - imirimo yoroheje | Moteri irubaka, amahugurwa mato, ibigega by'imbunda | Igiciro gito cyambere; ubuhanga bukoresha - biterwa; ibereye ntoya - igipimo cyangwa gusana imirimo Imashini ifatika |
Guhitamo Imashini ikwiye: Ibitekerezo byingenzi
1. Ingano yumurimo nubunini
Bore ndende: Optimashini itambitsekugirango uhamye kandi neza.
Ibiremereye cyangwa bigufi: Imashini zihesha icyubahirobirakwiriye cyane kubera igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nuburemere - bafashijwe gukuramo chip.
2. Umubare w'umusaruro
Hejuru - ingano, hejuru - ibikenewe neza: Imashini zubaha CNCtanga ibyikora kandi bifite ireme.
Hasi - ingano cyangwa imirimo yo gusana: Imashini zubaha intokini igiciro - cyiza kandi cyoroshye.
3. Ibisobanuro na Surface Kurangiza Ibisabwa
Kwihanganirana gukomeye hamwe nubuso bwiza burarangira: Imashini zubaha CNChamwe na diyama cyangwa CBN abrasives nibyiza.
Ibisanzwe birangira: Imashini yintoki cyangwa itambitsebirashobora kuba bihagije.
4. Umwanya n'imbogamizi
Umwanya muto: Imashini zihesha icyubahirobiroroshye kandi neza.
Ibitekerezo byingengo yimari: Imashini zubaha intokiufite ibiciro byambere.
Incamake: Guhitamo Imashini ikwiye
Kubirenze - neza, umusaruro - umusaruro mwinshi: Imashini zubaha CNCni amahitamo meza, atanga automatike na micron - urwego rwukuri.
Kumwanya muremure: Imashini itambitsetanga ituze kandi bikwiranye nibisabwa.
Kubiremereye cyangwa bigufi mumwanya muto: Imashini zihesha icyubahirobikora neza n'umwanya - kuzigama.
Kubuto - ingano cyangwa imirimo yo gusana: Imashini zubaha intokini igiciro - cyiza kandi cyoroshye.
